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Conditions

Acid reflux and GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus often enough to cause symptoms or damage. Occasional heartburn is common; frequent or persistent reflux deserves a closer look.

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Symptoms

  • Heartburn, especially after meals or lying down
  • Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
  • Chronic cough, hoarseness or throat clearing
  • Chest discomfort
  • A feeling of food sticking

When to see a gastroenterologist

See a GI specialist if you have heartburn more than twice a week, symptoms that persist on medication, or any warning signs: trouble or pain with swallowing, vomiting, black stools, anemia or unexplained weight loss. Long-standing reflux, particularly in men over 50 with other risk factors, may warrant screening for Barrett's esophagus.

Testing

Treatment

  • Lifestyle: weight loss if needed, avoiding late meals, raising the head of the bed, and limiting trigger foods and alcohol
  • Medication: antacids, H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors, using the lowest dose that controls symptoms
  • Procedures or surgery: for selected patients who don't respond or prefer not to take long-term medication

Common questions

Are PPIs safe long-term?

For people who need them, the benefits usually outweigh the risks. The goal is the lowest effective dose, reviewed with your doctor.

Can reflux cause a chronic cough?

Yes, and testing can help sort out whether it's the cause.

Questions about reflux? Call (813) 400-0543 or send a message.

Dr. Brian Frank, MD
Written and reviewed by Brian Frank, MD
Board-certified gastroenterologist (ABIM). Last reviewed October 8, 2026.

This page is general information, not medical advice. For a medical emergency, call 911.